¿Es solo un animal? El bios en cuestión en De ganados y de hombres, de Ana Paula Maia
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Literatura latinoamericana; Ana Paula Maia; biopolítica; posthumanismo; cuestión animal; paisajeResumen
Este trabajo propone leer De ganados y de hombres (2013) de la escritora brasileña Ana Paula Maia desde el prisma de algunas reflexiones posthumanistas. La novela enfoca en la relación entre lo humano y animal, y ficcionaliza el comportamiento de un conjunto de reses que se suicidan en el matadero Touro de Milo. Desde mi perspectiva, el modo en que estos dos aspectos se elaboran en la novela escenifica la transición de una cosmovisión humanista y antropocéntrica a una posthumanista. Me interesa ver específicamente cómo se tensiona en el texto la noción de bios – vida como objeto de captura por las tecnologías del poder con su reverso, es decir, el bios también como aquello impropio e informe, lo que tiene una existencia opaca, irreductible, lo que no puede cooptarse, perseguirse, etc. (Foucault, Esposito, Giorgi, Yelin). Con este objetivo me detengo primero en una reflexión que parte de los epígrafes y su relación con el mundo ficcional que propone Maia. Luego, he ensayado dos lecturas de la novela asociadas a la mirada. La primera, referida al narrador: ¿qué y cómo mira para contar lo que ve especialmente en el espacio intersticial, en el entre lo humano y lo animal? En la segunda lectura, a partir de algunas consideraciones del concepto de paisaje desde la perspectiva de la geografía contemporánea, que pone el énfasis en “los modos de ver” (Souto, 2011), analizo distintos aspectos de la presentación del paisaje en la novela que articulan tanto el efecto del poder sobre el territorio como también formas de existencia que exceden cualquier posibilidad de captura y se presentan como opacidades y puntos de fuga a los mecanismos de regulación y control del biopoder.
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