Un fracaso a propósito: trabajo de memoria, conciencia crítica y emancipación en La distancia que nos separa de Renato Cisneros
Palabras clave:
Literatura peruana, Violencia política en el Perú, Trabajo de memoria, EmancipaciónResumen
El bestseller La distancia que nos separa de Renato Cisneros marca un importante cambio en cómo los autores peruanos abordan la violencia política que afectó al país durante las últimas tres décadas del siglo XX. Promocionada como la biografia ficticia del padre de Cisneros, el infame General Ejército Peruano Luis Federico "el Gaucho Cisneros, la novela es presentada como un análisis crítico de la vida del oficial castrense a cargo del quinto de sus hijos (una versión ficcionalizada del autor). Esta aproximación crítica, explicada aquí con la ayuda de los conceptos de "memory work" y "critical conciousness" de Kuhn y con las indagaciones de Rancière sobre "emancipación", implica recordar inclusive los aspectos más negativos de la vida del Gaucho para encontrar nuevos y más profundos significados. Aunque este tipo de aproximación es loable y necesaria, especialmente cuando se considera que la novela la presenta como un modelo a seguir para examinar la reciente historia del Perú, este artículo arguye que el protagonista-narrador de La distancia que nos separa ultimada e intencionalmente fracasa en su búsqueda de una "conciencia crítica" de su padre. Al cuestionar selectivamente solo algunas de las acciones más controveriales del Gaucho, el narrador temina pintando un retrato reivindicatorio de su padre y lo presenta como un hombre violentamente apasionado que, marcado por severos rompimientos amorosos y una accidentada historia familiar, fue simplemente malentendido. El protagonista-narrador encuentra, inclusive, abundante orgullo en su historia familiar y, por lo tanto, evita cualquier tipo de desafio a su estatus (y el de su padre) en las élite peruana, el segmento de la población cuya indiferencia ante el sufrimiento de las victimas mayormente indígenas de la violencia política del país encrudeció su brutalidad.
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