Génesis del debate latinoamericano sobre Políticas de Comunicación en los ´70.
Derivas y regresiones contemporáneas. Del NOMIC a la CMSI.
Palabras clave:
POLITICAS-DERECHOS-INFORMACION-CONVERGENCIA-TICsResumen
Las políticas de comunicación en tanto lineamientos estatales para la acción se incorporan a los proyectos nacionales de los países de América Latina de un modo progresivo en el contexto de la posguerra, pero sólo consiguen un lugar en la agenda internacional a en la década del ´70 a partir del impulso y la acción política coordinada que la reunión de estados conocida como Movimiento de Países No Alineados (MPNA) llevará adelante en el seno de UNESCO. El tiempo histórico que transcurre entre los ´60´70 envuelto por los vientos de emancipación y revolución en los que se gestan las luchas del MPNA, alumbran un encuentro inédito entre la academia y la acción política que tendrá su especial acento en América Latina. Esto se expresa como una suerte de “estado de conciencia política” sobre los intercambios desiguales de información (Mattelart 2006, 14) y decanta en una propuesta de carácter fundacional que se expresó como Nuevo Orden Mundial de la Información y la Comunicación (NOMIC).
En efecto, luego de un extenso proceso de debate internacional preliminar, en noviembre de 1976, la Conferencia General de la UNESCO resuelve constituir una Comisión Internacional para el Estudio de los Problemas de la Comunicación (CIC), presidida por el irlandés Sean MacBride. Su trabajo culmina con la presentación y aprobación en la Asamblea General de UNESCO realizada en Belgrado en 1980 de esos resultados, que luego se conocieron y divulgaron con el nombre de Informe MacBride. Un año después se publican estas conclusiones en el libro Un solo mundo, voces múltiples.
La presentación del Informe implicó, paradójicamente, la clausura del tema. Aún con las limitaciones que pueden reconocerse en su elaboración y en la excesiva “diplomacia” del documento final que evitó por todos los medios un tono confrontativo, es preciso reconocer que nunca más en la historia volvió a producirse un debate internacional en estos términos en el seno de la UNESCO.
Tomando estas referencias, y las intervenciones que realizaron los intelectuales latinoamericanos en la construcción de estos debates, nos interesa leer a contraluz y desde el presente, que derivas se producen en torno a los núcleos de política de comunicación que discute Latinoamérica en el concierto internacional, entre este momento seminal y la Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI) que tiene lugar en 2003-2005 bajo la órbita de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicación (UIT). Finalmente buscaremos reflexionar sobre las regresiones que se observan en términos de políticas de comunicación contemporáneas para la región latinoamericana, en un contexto de creciente concentración económica y convergencia infocomunicacional.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
1. Author hereby grants, transfers, and assigns to A Contracorriente:
(a) the exclusive first serial rights in the Work for publication and distribution throughout the world, as A Contracorriente sees fit, in all languages and formats, by print or any electronic means, including, without limitation, the internet, other public and/or private proprietary intranets and computer networks and on CD-ROMs, DVDs and other discs, before the Work shall appear in any other publication (whether print or electronic), in any manner, format or language, or in any other medium now known or hereafter devised. The first serial rights granted to A Contracorriente by this Paragraph 1(a) shall be exclusive to A Contracorriente until one year following the date of the first serial publication of the Work by A Contracorriente; in addition, this grant of rights shall include the non-exclusive right in perpetuity to include the Work in any collection, or compilation produced or authorized by A Contracorriente, and containing at least 75% material that has appeared in A Contracorriente, for distribution throughout the world, in all languages and formats, by print or any electronic means, including, without limitation, the internet and other public and proprietary intranets and computer networks and on CDROMs, DVDs and other discs;
(b) further, the non-exclusive right to authorize, reproduce and distribute reprints of the Work throughout the world, in all languages and formats, by print or any electronic means, after the Work appears in a publication produced or authorized by A Contracorriente; the right to permit subscribers and other users of the services and publications in which the Work may appear electronically to download, reproduce, and otherwise utilize the Work for their personal, non-commercial use throughout the universe; and the non-exclusive perpetual right, throughout the world, to use the Work, in whole or in part, and Author’s name, likeness, or biography in promoting, advertising, and/or publicizing any publication in which the Work is authorized to appear consistent with this Agreement.
2. A Contracorriente reserves the right to publish the Work with illustrations and other graphic materials. Nothing contained herein shall obligate A Contracorriente to exploit any of the rights granted to A Contracorriente hereunder. All rights not granted to A Contracorriente are reserved to Author for Author’s own use and/or transfer, assignment, or disposition.
3. Author represents and warrants: the Work is original to Author, has not been copied in whole or in part, and does not infringe upon the copyright or any other rights of any person or entity; Author has the right to grant the rights granted to A Contracorriente under this Agreement free of any and all claims and encumbrances; Author has not granted or transferred any rights in or to the Work to any third party; and Author has not done and will not do anything that has impaired, might impair or will impair in any way any of the rights granted to A Contracorriente hereunder.
4. Author shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the NC State and its employees, agents, affiliates, successors, licensees, and assigns from and against all claims, damages, liabilities, losses, costs, and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney’s fees and costs, arising out of any breach or alleged breach of any of Author’s representations, warranties, or agreements. Any remedies that Author may have against A Contracorriente for breach of this Agreement shall be limited to the right to recover damages, if any, in an action at law. Author hereby waives any right or remedy in equity, including any right to terminate this Agreement, to rescind A Contracorriente’s rights in the Work, or to enjoin, restrain, or otherwise impair in any manner the production or distribution of any publication that is authorized or produced by A Contracorriente.
5. A Contracorriente shall have the right to assign this Agreement, either in whole or in part, to any entity affiliated with A Contracorriente or to any party that acquires all or substantially all of A Contracorriente's assets. Author shall not have the right to further assign any of the rights conferred pursuant to this Agreement, either in whole or in part, or any of the rights granted to Author herein.
6. This Agreement is intended by the parties hereto as the final expression of their understanding with respect to the subject matter herein, as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms herein, and supersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous negotiations, understandings, and agreements between the parties relating thereto.
7. The Agreement may be modified only by a writing signed by both parties to the Agreement. The laws and courts of the State of North Carolina shall govern and control the resolution of any and all conflicts and disputes that may arise hereunder.