Renovación y crisis en la historieta argentina: Héctor Oesterheld y el final de la era dorada
Palabras clave:
Oesterheld, historieta, argentina, renovaciónResumen
En este texto nos proponemos reconstruir y analizar la trayectoria temprana de Héctor Germán Oesterheld (Buenos Aires, 1919- desaparecido en 1977), un autor que promovió un tipo emergente de producción cultural en el campo de la historieta argentina entre mediados de los años cincuenta e inicios de los sesenta del siglo XX. Jugando dentro de los límites del sistema de géneros menores de la comunicación masiva y de los géneros de la aventura dominantes de la época, la producción del citado guionista innovó en aspectos como la gráfica, la narrativa y el tratamiento de nuevas temáticas, dando forma a un nuevo paradigma de producción y edición que se extendió más allá de las fronteras de Argentina: la historieta de autor. El surgimiento de este nuevo modo de narrar, de gestionar editorialmente y de concebir a la historieta, fue posible a partir de ciertas condiciones de producción caracterizadas por una relativa autonomía con respecto a los mandatos y criterios esquemáticos de la industria editorial profesional de mediados de siglo. Nos proponemos como objetivo reconstruir y explicar las estrategias y posicionamientos de Oesterheld, especialmente durante su trayectoria temprana y de consolidación profesional, en términos de las modificaciones que produjo dentro del campo de las narrativas gráficas en el citado país sudamericano en un período que en su parte final acusó una crisis, retracción y concentración del mercado de publicaciones.
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