La conservación campesina de Elena Torres Cuéllar; Las mujeres, la maestría rural y el medio ambiente en México (1923-1939)
Palabras clave:
ecocriticism, cultural studies, women's history, ecofeminism, indigenismo, Mexican RevolutionResumen
Elena Torres Cuéllar (1894-1970) es una de las intelectuales menos conocidas de las reformas educativas bajo la Revolución Mexicana. Sub-secretaria de educación bajo José Vasconcelos y acompañante a Gabriela Mistral durante su visita controvertida a México como consejera educativa, Torres figura de vez en cuando en las notas de pie de las historias femeninas mexicanas como revolucionaria y feminista. Este artículo examina la escritura prolífica de Torres de los años 1930 con respecto a los papeles de las campesinas como administradoras principales tanto de la tierra como de las culturas indígenas. En estos textos Torres articula un modelo de femineidad netamente mexicana y revolucionaria que se exportaba a otros países a través del hemisferio por medio de los medios impresos, conferencias y programas de radio. Torres enfatizó el valor de la campesina por medio de promover una economía doméstica moderna que incluía los aspectos tradicionales de las tareas del hogar rural, tales como la preparación de las tortillas y el tejido de huipiles. También invirtió los símbolos de la reforma agraria revolucionaria con los intereses femeninos por medio de insistir en que sus lectores reconocieran la relación esencialista entre la mujer y la fertilidad de la Madre Tierra. De esta manera, Torres contribuyó a la amplificación de las voces vanguardistas de otras escritoras latinoamerianas--tales como Mistral, Magda Portal y Carmen Lyra--que también combinaron el indigenismo y el ecofeminismo como base retórica de promover los derechos de la mujer, la conservación y el anti-imperialismo.
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