Indoamericanismo y mestizaje en la crítica de Francisco René Santucho: su lectura de Shunko
Palabras clave:
indoamericanismo, mestizaje, F. R. Santucho, crítica, Shunko, J. W. ÁbalosResumen
Este artículo interroga sobre el sentido del indoamericanismo y el mestizaje en la crítica de Francisco René Santucho (Santiago del Estero, Argentina, mediados de siglo XX). Se presta especial atención al caso de su lectura sobre Shunko (1949), la novela del escritor Jorge Washington Ábalos. En el relato un maestro retoma un diálogo epistolar con un niño diciendo "Querido Chango". El maestro vive en la ciudad. Shunko habita un pequeño poblado. Ellos rememoran experiencias compartidas en torno a una escuela rural. Según el crítico, la novela es una reflexión sobre la "dualidad cultural" de Santiago del Estero y posee un "valor etnológico" claro y actual. El mismo Ábalos había expresado su intención de tematizar la "diferencia cultural". Pero en la creación literaria el término "chango" no nombra una niñez genérica. En la expresión se implican connotaciones étnicas y raciales, en el contexto de precisos momentos y dimensiones del relato. La interpretación culturalista de Santucho pone en evidencia las limitaciones existentes en el espacio mismo del discurso intelectual para denunciar abiertamente el racismo, constituyendo un obstáculo en su praxis indoamericanista. El trabajo es una contribución a las complejas y conflictivas formas como se recreó la ideología del mestizaje en la provincia del noroeste argentino.
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