Tiempos extraños: comunidad, supervivencia e imaginación sostenible en El huésped de Guadalupe Nettel y Distancia de rescate de Samanta Schweblin
Abstract
Este ensayo examina dos novelas contemporáneas, El huésped (2006) de la escritora mexicana Guadalupe Nettel y Distancia de rescate (2014) de la argentina Samanta Schweblin, a partir de los conceptos de comunidad (Roberto Esposito) y supervivencia (Georges Didi-Huberman). Ambas obras se inscriben en el género fantástico para narrar las frágiles existencias de niños que sufren la amenaza de factores ecológicos: la crisis de la superpoblación y los desastres ambientales en la Ciudad de México (Nettel), así como la toxicidad de los agroquímicos y los alimentos transgénicos en el campo argentino (Schweblin). En El huésped, la narradora es una mujer que durante su niñez es invadida por una entidad humano-animal, a la cual denomina “La Cosa”, que se apodera de su cuerpo y le induce una progresiva ceguera. Esta entidad desconocida es una figura de los “factores inmutables” de la volátil atmósfera urbana, que la narradora combate al formar una comunidad con quienes sobreviven en los márgenes (o los subsuelos) de la sociedad: los ciegos. Mientras tanto, en Distancia de rescate Schweblin narra una historia gótica de los niños-monstruos que nacen con malformaciones o que corren el riesgo de intoxicarse en el ambiente rural argentino. De esta manera, delinea el panorama actual de las fantasías agroexportadoras decimonónicas que no han traído riqueza, sino enfermedad y muerte. Mi hipótesis es que esta preocupación por un ethos ecológico sirve para repensar los lineamientos del debate sobre qué es “lo contemporáneo” y cómo escribir una historia del presente en la época del Antropoceno.
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