Radiografía sobre la presencia obrera judía en la industria de la madera y del mueble de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1894-1921
Keywords:
trabajadores judíos;, industria de la madera y el mueble;, culturas políticas de izquierdaAbstract
En este artículo se presentan una serie de elementos para reconstruir la fisonomía del sector de trabajadores judíos empleados en la industria de la madera y el mueble de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta 1930. A su vez, este trabajo se encuadra dentro de una investigación mayor (actualmente en curso) sobre los obreros madereros de la urbe porteña durante un período in extenso, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta los albores del peronismo. En este sentido, los avances parciales han demostrado la necesidad de abordar en profundidad al espectro de talleres de origen judío, cuya presencia en la rama fue sumamente destacada y cuyo estudio, por ende, resulta imprescindible.
En el marco de los agudos enfrentamientos y conflictos laborales que se desarrollaron durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX, los trabajadores del sector de la madera y el mueble protagonizaron importantes procesos de estructuración sindical y de organización en los lugares de trabajo que supusieron, en esta dirección, un conjunto de desafíos a la hora de organizar al contingente de obreros judíos en la rama. Más aún, el nutrido universo de las culturas políticas de izquierda (socialistas, anarquistas y, luego, sindicalistas revolucionarios y comunistas) coadyudó y complejizó el proceso de formación de la clase obrera. En términos identitarios, la presencia judía en el movimiento obrero argentino planteó una tensión crónica entre, por un lado, una identidad étnica, culturalmente arraigada en el país de origen y cimentada alrededor de una comunidad segregada en el país receptor, y por el otro, una identidad (o conciencia) de clase, fraguada en la explotación cotidiana de la nueva vida que compartían con otros obreros y patrones no-judíos. De esta manera, en esta instancia se vuelcan los resultados parciales a partir del relevamiento de las fuentes primarias (principalmente la prensa gremial) y de la bibliografía secundaria.
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