Estados de exclusión: Guerra, excepcionalidad y derecho internacional en la obra de Juan Bautista Alberdi
Abstract
Existen pocos tratados filosóficos en el siglo diecinueve latinoamericano que tratan a la guerra como un fenómeno relacionado con el estado moderno y la creación de la ley. El ensayo de Juan Bautista Alberdi El Crimen de la Guerra es uno de ellos y no ha sido aún extensamente estudiado. Mi trabajo analiza el lugar de la guerra en Alberdi como una instancia legal y externa a los estados. La declaración formal de la guerra sobre la soberanía de otro país produce la paradoja de dejar al estado dentro y fuera de la ley. Alberdi evalúa las consecuencias de esta paradoja para el desarrollo del derecho internacional en América Latina. El estudio de caso de Alberdi es la Guerra contra el Paraguay (1864-1870), sus precedentes históricos y las consecuencias que hicieron desaparecer al país y que, al mismo tiempo, minaron la posibilidad de pensar en la igualdad de los estados latinoamericanos y la creación de una ley internacional.
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