La Generación "decapitada" en Ecuador
Keywords:
Modernismo, decapitados, modernismo ecuatoriano, César Borja, Fálquez Ampuero, Gonzalo Zalbumdibe,Abstract
Este trabajo propone el estudio de un movimiento literario específico, el Modernismo; en un país en particular, el Ecuador, con una concentración en autores que no recibieron la consideración merecida: los poetas de la generación “decapitada”. Si se estudia y se investiga el desarrollo y los efectos del Modernismo que han recorrido a gran parte de los países del continente hispano y cruzado el océano Atlántico se percibe fácilmente lo que sigue: se menciona a los autores más conocidos, se consideran los países más desarrollados y se analizan las obras más populares. Argentina, México, Perú, Uruguay, Chile, Cuba, España son los países siempre mencionados. Entre los autores precursores, fundadores o continuadores del movimiento modernista, nunca faltan en las listas, los nombres de Rubén Darío, José Martí, José Asunción Silva, Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera, Amado Nervo, Julián del Casal, Jaimes Freire, Herrera y Reissig, Leopoldo Lugones etc. Muy raramente se consideran, en muchos casos ni se mencionan, países menos expuestos, autores menos populares, obras menos conocidas. Este trabajo propone, entonces, un profundo recorrido dedicado a un país y a unos autores por mucho tiempo olvidados en los estudios y en las investigaciones sobre los años que cambiaron la identidad cultural de Hispano América: el fenómeno literario modernista en Ecuador y la generación de los poetas “decapitados”. Después de un estudio previo sobre un análisis del contexto histórico-social y político en el cual se desarrolló el Modernismo ecuatoriano, hemos entrado más en el profundo de la situación literaria citando a los poetas que en estos años intentaron tomar parte de la historia literaria de su país. Autores que no se conocen bastante, obras que tardan en ser publicadas o reconocidas. Se habla de los precursores: César Borja, Fálquez Ampuero, Gonzalo Zalbumdibe. Se consideran las revistas literarias que divulgaron la literatura ecuatoriana entre Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca, principalmente. Se cita a un abanico de poetas que no ocuparon las páginas de las criticas literarias o las historias de las literaturas del Modernismo ecuatoriano e hispanoamericano: Alfonso Moreno Mora, Adolfo Benjamin Serrano, Alfonso Moscoso, Gonzalo Zaldumbide, Fálquez Ampuero, los hermanos Gallegos del Campo, Nicolás Augusto González, Rafael Pino Roca, Víctor Hugo Escala, Wenceslao Pareja.
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