¿Hacer observable lo oculto u ocultar lo evidente? Un debate sobre algunas miradas para comprender el movimiento de la sociedad actual
Keywords:
Lucha de clases, acción colectiva, movimiento social,Abstract
Realizamos un estudio sobre los teóricos que sustentan los abordajes más frecuentes acerca de las protestas sociales en la Argentina actual. Ubicamos nuestra atención en los elementos conceptúales desde los cuales parten este tipo de interpretaciones de la realidad. Desde el socialismo científico consideramos a la sociedad como una totalidad en movimiento, con una mirada dialéctica que entiende a la estructura económica y a los conflictos sociales como partes de esa totalidad.
Nos interesa por eso enfocar la discusión en los siguientes problemas: ¿quién se mueve y cambia?; ¿es la sociedad, son los individuos o los movimientos sociales? Este problema es el debate sobre qué debemos investigar. ¿Quién es el sujeto de los cambios?; ¿es un sujeto individual o colectivo?; ¿el proceso parte de lo general o de lo individual? Este problema se sintetiza en si la sociedad es una sumatoria de individuos o si implica una transformación cualitativa que hace imposible la existencia de un individuo totalmente independiente.
El tercero hace a cómo conocer la realidad: ¿importa más lo que los sujetos dicen o lo que hacen?; ¿los procesos se explican por sí o solamente pueden ser explicados tras un posterior análisis? Estos son los ejes que para nosotros aún atraviesan el debate sobre cómo explicar el movimiento de la sociedad.
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