Naturaleza, destino global: consideraciones poéticas ante la inminencia ambiental
Keywords:
Naturaleza, ecopoesía, Vicente Huidobro, Gabriela Mistral, Nicanor ParraAbstract
Como toda Época, el Antropoceno no puede tratarse sino como un hecho global. No obstante, suscita preguntas y desafíos particulares y locales que obligan a ponderar aspectos relacionados con sus consecuencias materiales concretas, pero también éticas y culturales. En este artículo, proponemos un paralelo de tres momentos de la poesía chilena en la que se ve un avance hacia un cambio en la noción de Naturaleza, anticipación poética, quizás, de la noción de Antropoceno. A partir del manifiesto “Non serviam” (1914) de Vicente Huidobro apreciamos un indicio de una variación en la perspectiva del ser humano y de la figura rebelde del poeta ante la Naturaleza. Luego de 70 años veremos que esta visión es reconfigurada por la voz de Nicanor Parra, donde se observan alcances propositivos concretos, en un sentido estético, pero sobre todo político, para pensar el activismo ambiental desde las artes. En medio de estos hitos, Gabriela Mistral visita Chile por última vez en 1954. Lejos del creacionismo huidobriano, lejos de la antipoesía por venir, en Lagar (1954) y Almácigo (2015), la poeta advierte los signos de esta Época, cuestiona el “progreso” y propone la acción contemplativa. El desafío que plantean estas obras permite pensar en cómo es posible ir más allá de los diagnósticos y la queja, para dar el paso de la crítica o ecocritique (Morton) a la acción o la inacción consciente, que es, al fin y al cabo, una fuerza. Diagnóstico y queja, seguramente, fundados en cierta confianza en los extremos: o el apocalipsis o la solución mágica aportada por la técnica como creación humana. En un espacio intermedio, la poesía encuentra una voz durante el siglo XX.
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