"La Huelga de los Conventillos", Buenos Aires, Nueva Pompeya, 1936. Un aporte a los estudios sobre género y clase
Keywords:
huelga, trabajadores, trabajadroras, relaciones de géneroAbstract
Este trabajo se propone realizar un análisis de las relaciones de género y clase a través de un estudio de caso: la “Huelga de los Conventillos” de la fábrica textil Gratry en 1936, que se extendió por más de tres meses, pasando casi inadvertida, sin embargo, para la investigación histórica. Siendo la textil una rama de industria con una mayoría de mano de obra femenina, el caso de la casa Gratry, donde el 60% de los 800 obreros eran mujeres, aparece como ejemplar para la observación de la actividad de las mujeres en conflicto.
En el trabajo se analiza el rol de las trabajadoras en la huelga, su participación política, sus formas de organización y resistencia, haciendo eje en las determinaciones de género y de clase que son abordadas de manera complementaria e interrelacionada, así como el complejo entramado de tensiones y solidaridades que éstas generan. De éste modo, se pretende ahondar en la compleja conformación de una identidad obrera femenina, a la vez que se discute con aquella mirada historiográfica tradicional que ha restado importancia a la participación de la mujer en el conflicto social. Esto se realizará a través de la exploración de una serie de variables: las relaciones inter-género e inter-clase (fundamentalmente el vínculo entre las trabajadoras y la patronal masculina), inter-género e intra-clase (la relación entre trabajadoras y trabajadores), intra-género e inter-clase (los lazos entre las trabajadoras y las vecinas comerciantes del barrio), intra-género e intra-clase (relaciones de solidaridad entre trabajadoras en huelga, y de antagonismo entre huelguistas y “carneras”).
Para ello se trabajó un corpus documental que incluye información de tipo cuantitativa (las estadísticas del Boletín Informativo del Departamento Nacional del Trabajo), y cualitativa: periódicos obreros –fundamentalmente El Obrero Textil, órgano gremial de la Unión Obrera Textil, Semanario de la CGT-Independencia (órgano de la Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT)-Independencia) y La Vanguardia (periódico del Partido Socialista), entre otros, y entrevistas orales a vecinas de Nueva Pompeya y familiares de trabajadoras de la fábrica Gratry. Se desarrollará una metodología cuali-cuantitativa para el cruce de estas fuentes.
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