El carnaval de los afro-limeños y bio(terato)políticas
El diablo en el Carnaval de Lima y Bio(terato)política (siglo xix)
Keywords:
race, carnival, peru, Lima, afro-peruvian, Diablo-negro, biopolitics, bio(terato)políticasAbstract
En el siglo XIX los afro-limeños encontraron en el Carnaval de Lima un espacio para la expresión cultural y la recreación a través del uso de máscaras y la personificación del Diablo, la organización de comparsas con música y bailes africanos, y el juego popular de arrojarse, unos a otros, agua y cáscaras de huevos. Para la población afro-descendiente el Carnaval de Lima funcionaba como una oportunidad para la experiencia real y material de la libertad. Un amplio sector de la élite intelectual y política de Lima rechazó y denunció el carnaval porque, según éste, atentaba contra la seguridad de los ciudadanos al promover la violencia y el crimen, el ocio y el juego, el desorden y la contaminación. Estas denuncias motivaron al gobierno peruano a implementar medidas policiales y administrativas que regularan la participación de la población en la fiesta. Este trabajo propone una lectura de las representaciones del Diablo-negro como figura monstruosa informada por discursos biopolíticos en el Perú decimonónico. El Carnaval de Lima, único espacio dominado por el demonio negro, se transformó al final del siglo en una representación del status quo: los afro-peruanos fueron excluidos del carnaval como lo habían sido, por siglos, de las esferas social, política y económica.
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