La “internacional de los managers”: cultura cosmopolita, movilidad internacional y éxito corporativo en las grandes empresas globales
Keywords:
Elites Directivas, Grandes Empresas, Internacional, Cultura CosmopolitaAbstract
Tomando como referencia la escena argentina, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar de qué modos “lo internacional” atraviesa la configuración empresaria local y contribuye explicar la constitución de las elites directivas. Se afirma que en los años ‘90, en un contexto de globalización más amplio, la extranjerización de la cúpula empresaria local resignificó el peso de la dimensión internacional en la organización. Uno de los procesos más visibles fue la generalización de las “carreras globales” que hacen de la expatriación y el cultivo de lo que los nativos llaman competencias globales principios de diferenciación. Aunque el modelo de “manager internacional” que construye una carrera exitosa asumiendo posiciones a lo largo y ancho del globo no predomina en todas las firmas, el funcionamiento globalizado que se verifica en muchas compañías -sobre todo en las multinacionales- vuelve a la capacidad de vincularse profesionalmente en la arena internacional un capital valioso. Ahora bien, además de una exigencia organizacional, el contacto con lo internacional representa un valor en sí mismo que funciona como un principio de distinción simbólica. En la escena empresaria argentina, la cultura cosmopolita configura un ethos altamente valorado que reproduce al interior de las empresas ciertas afinidades de clase en la selección de los futuros directivos.
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