Transnacionales mineras y estrategias de producción de consenso y legitimidad social en contextos de disputa territorial. Apuntes de investigación sobre el caso argentino
Keywords:
Minería a cielo abierto, Empresas transnacionales, Producción de consenso y legitimidad social, Disputa territorialAbstract
En este artículo nos proponemos describir y analizar el repertorio de estrategias que las transnacionales mineras despliegan en la esfera pública local de los territorios donde se instalan, de cara a la producción de consenso y legitimidad social en torno de su actividad, y a fin de contrarrestar la emergencia y proliferación de resistencias sociales. A partir del estudio de tres casos empíricos emblemáticos de Argentina (Meridian Gold, Minera Alumbrera y Barrick Gold en las provincias de Chubut, Catamarca y San Juan, respectivamente), nos interesa explicar cómo se construye y transforma dicho dispositivo estratégico en función de la dinámica que adquiere la conflictividad social a lo largo del tiempo. Nuestra hipótesis central es que en escenarios de disputa por el territorio y los recursos naturales, donde mineras y poblaciones movilizadas pugnan por la definición y control de las formas de producción y reproducción de la vida, las primeras desarrollan una serie de estrategias que, de conjunto, apuntan a configurar sentidos, producir subjetividades y organizar relaciones sociales de nuevo tipo compatibles con el modelo extractivo-exportador, a fin de “neutralizar” los conflictos y garantizar la factibilidad de sus operaciones a escala local. Identificamos, por lo menos, tres tipos de estrategias: 1)- comunicacionales, 2)- de intervención social directa, y 3)- de monitoreo comunitario y gestión participativa; cuya función general consiste en la integración subalternizada de los sectores sociales de los cuales se pretende obtener el consentimiento, pero sin afectar en lo esencial al régimen de acumulación vigente.
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