Sin desgracia que lamentar: la amenaza como espectáculo en La parcela de José López Portillo y Rojas
Keywords:
José López Portillo y Rojas, Mexico, violencia, cartografia, amenazaAbstract
En este artículo exploro la relación en La parcela (1898) de José López Portillo y Rojas (1850-1923) entre dos de los procesos más constitutivos de la sociedad mexicana durante el Porfiriato (1876-1911): cartografiar el territorio nacional e identificar las amenazas al orden. En La parcela la necesidad de dividir la tierra en propiedades con nombres reconocidos por el Estado se intercala con la tarea del letrado de explorar las líneas divisorias entre la ley y los transgresores. De esa forma la novela pone en primer plano la necesidad de identificar las amenazas al orden, tanto geográficas como legales. La trama de gira alrededor de una prolongada disputa por un terreno entre dos hacendados que parece resolverse primero con el deslinde del terreno y después con la reconciliación pacífica de los hacendados. Alejándome de la aparente resolución pacífica, presento un análisis de la novela basado en la relación entre la abundancia de amenazas y la sorprendente escasez de actos violentos. Enfatizo que la novela revela una sociedad obsesionada con la posibilidad de que estalle la violencia a la vez que se empeña en que no aparezca. No obstante, cuando por fin aparece el acto violento, el campesino se coloca al centro de la resolución del conflicto sobre la tierra; su asesinato, justificada por la manipulación de la ley y ausente del archivo oficial, crea la apariencia de una resolución pacífica entre los hacendados. Entonces mi análisis me permite colocar al campesino al centro de una lectura crítica de la novela y reconocer el poder constitutivo de la violencia pero abordado desde la amenaza, el momento en que la violencia se empieza a germinar.
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