Topofilia y topofobia: La naturaleza de la guerra de independencia cubana (1868-1898)
Keywords:
Manuel de la Cruz, José Martí, impresionismo, literatura, modernismo, Cuba, guerraAbstract
Medio siglo después que los países latinoamericanos alcanzaron su independencia de España, Cuba y Puerto Rico siguieron siendo sus dos únicas colonias en el Caribe. En 1868, sin embargo, los cubanos le declararon la independencia a España y lucharon contra ella durante 10 años, en una guerra asimétrica y con el ejército más grande que cruzó el Atlántico en el siglo XIX. Después de mucho dolor y muertes, en 1878 ambos ejércitos acordaron la paz y firmaron un pacto. En este ensayo exploro la representación de la naturaleza en la literatura de la guerra de independencia de Cuba en dos escritores modernistas: Manuel de la Cruz y José Martí. En ambos subrayo el estilo impresionista de sus estilos y los comparo con las narraciones de escritores peninsulares que lucharon en la guerra de Cuba y escribieron sobre ella. Los primeros afirmo, reflejan el paisaje haciendo uso de la “topofilia, mientras que los últimos a través de la “topofobia.”
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