Origen, configuración y representación de las capas medias del siglo XIX en <em>Martín Rivas</em> de Alberto Blest Gana (1862)
Keywords:
Chile, Alberto Blest Gana, novela chilena, siglo XIXAbstract
En el presente estudio analizaremos el origen de los sectores medios descritos en la novela Martín Rivas de Alberto Blest Gana. Por un lado, el “medio pelo” urbano, que desciende de los sectores campesinos emigrados a las ciudades luego de la guerra de emancipación, cuyo habitus se enraíza con el de los inquilinos del Chile central. Por otro lado, los “venidos a menos”, quienes proceden de familias de cierto renombre, mas empobrecidas, y en su gran mayoría de provincia. Analizaremos la relación que ambos grupos sostienen con la élite y su común afán por ascender en la escala social, junto a las dificultades que esto acarrea en una sociedad que sigue funcionando con una lógica estamental. El relato muestra que el espacio de los sectores medios es indeseado. Ambos, “medio pelo” y “venidos a menos”, desean salir de sus respectivas situaciones, y la dificultad de esta salida está dada por una serie de mecanismos de exclusión que permiten a la élite seleccionar los elementos que han de ingresar a ella en función de su utilidad.
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