Sin pan y sin trabajo: denuncia y resistencia en la novela <em>El trabajo</em> (2007), de Anibal Jarkowski
Keywords:
rAnibal Jarkowski, Ernesto de la Cárcova, El trabajo, polaridad, barbarismo, civilizaciónAbstract
Este ensayo analiza la forma en que la novela El trabajo, de Aníbal Jarkowski, presenta un tema específico, la precarización del empleo2, y el lenguaje mediante el cual lo plantea, el realismo. Si bien el trabajo es uno de los núcleos semánticos destacados en este último grupo de novelas mencionadas, es el texto de Jarkowski el que textualiza de forma explícita la existencia de un vínculo entre el trabajo como tema, el realismo en tanto elección estética y el lugar del escritor. Hacia el final de la novela, la referencia a la pintura “Sin pan y sin trabajo” (1892-1893), del pintor argentino Ernesto de la Cárcova (1866-1927), pone en evidencia en el texto la presencia de una voluntad denuncia y crítica de la tensión entre cultura letrada y trabajo que recorre la cultura argentina. Al colocar en un mismo nivel la precariedad laboral y el desempleo de dos personajes disímiles como una secretaria y un escritor, quien a su vez es el narrador, la novela proyecta una crítica del antagonismo entre el ámbito de la cultura y el del trabajo. Esta polaridad es subsidiaria de la oposición entre lo manual y lo intelectual, lo bárbaro y lo civilizado, lo oral y lo escrito, que recorre la historia cultural hispanoamericana y guarda relación directa con las fronteras civilizadoras dentro de las cuales la “ciudad letrada” (Rama 1984), ha establecido las normas culturales de la comunidad desde el período de la colonia.
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